The two major types of real estate are commercial and residential real estate. Commercial real estate deals with the purchase, sale and lease of property for business purposes. Residential real estate deals with the purchase, sale and rental of land and houses to individuals and families for daily living.

There are a lot of legal issues and possible problems that may arise in the course of dealings on property. Again, there have been many instances of fraudulent dealings on real estate property and the uninformed or a client not represented by experiences real estate lawyers may fall into deep waters.

It is our duty to work with you so as to safely guide you through these problems and potential landmines, while you navigate through a successful transaction. Furthermore, most purchases of commercial and residential real estate require the buyer to obtain a mortgage from a bank or other lending institution. The documentation, processes and obligations of the parties in this respect are usually intricate and sometimes, downright confusing.

We will work with you to accomplish a successful borrowing from your lending institution and the fulfillment of your obligations to them.

Corporate Law, also known as Company Law or Corporations Law, is a branch of law that has close affinity to commercial and contract law. The law recognizes corporations as legal entities with a distinct legal capacity different from its owners, with legal capacity to sue and be sued in its corporate name and with authority to enter into contracts, and perform other duties necessary to maintain a business, separate from its shareholders. Corporate law covers the whole gamut of the relationship between shareholders, directors, employees, creditors, and other stakeholders such as consumers, among themselves, as well as their interaction with their respective communities and the environment.

Commercial or Business law, covers the areas of the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It transcends all areas of business undertakings and extends to issues of advertising, marketing, collections and bankruptcy . It covers both domestic and foreign trade between individuals and companies within national and across international boundaries and also regulates trade between states. Transactions relating to banking, contracts, negotiable instruments, secured transactions , and trade in general, all come within the purview of commercial law.

We have both Canadian and overseas experiences in corporate and commercial law practice, with specializations on all aspects of corporate practice, including the legal formation of corporations, tax structuring, joint ventures, licensing arrangements, mergers, acquisitions, business formations, securities law, venture capital financing, business agreements, internal forms, and business tax consultations, the administration of policies and procedures on corporate governance, organizational complaints, corporate risk management and regulatory compliance. We render comprehensive legal support for commercial activities, such as drafting and negotiating contracts (including construction and transportation contracts), procurement and supply contracts, memorandum of understanding, licensing, intellectual property, financing and consultancy services). We counsel clients on a range of business and legal regulatory issues (such as anti-corruption, ethics, fraud and abuse laws as well as facilitating healthy relationships with regulatory agencies).

Torts Law encompasses the law of civil liability whereby, a person that causes harm must pay compensation (damages) to the person harmed. Some tortious claims may arise in the context of employment law or labour law matters, such as the tort of invasion of personal privacy, the tort of defamation (slander and libel); the tort of inducing breach of contract; the tort of negligence (leading to personal injury claims); the torts of negligent or intentional infliction of mental suffering (or nervous shock); the torts of assault and battery; and the tort of false imprisonment. It also includes personal injury claims and insurance claims arising from transportation and construction accidents and professional malpractice.

In all situations, we will work with you to protect your interest by addressing all claims which you may have in tort in the areas of your employment or other labour relations matters; advancing or defending claims in tort in the civil courts, or in the context of grievance arbitrations where for instance, the dispute arises out of the collective agreement.

Administrative Law deals with the decisions of administrative or quasi-judicial entities. These entities which are mostly government or government backed individuals and organs include government Ministers, various administrative tribunals (such as Immigration and Refugee Boards, Labour Relations Boards; Workers Compensation Boards; Privacy Commissioners; Employment Standards Branches; Human Rights Commissions and Tribunals). It also encompasses the procedures which these entities use to arrive at their decisions, as well as the substantive decisions arising from those procedures.

We will work with you to advance your rights in respect of these kind of decisions and to protect those rights where they are not being protected or where they are being outrightly breached. This way, we will work towards advancing or defending applications or complaints before various administrative decision-makers; advancing or defending judicial reviews of various administrative decision-makers across the various court hierarchies, depending on the decision being reviewed; advancing or defending appeals of judicial review judgments to the applicable appellate court; and generally advising and representing clients in all areas of administrative law.

Insolvency is the condition whereby an individual or a corporate entity, is unable to pay debts as they fall due or in the usual course of business. It is generally the failure to meet maturing obligations. Simply put, it arises when the debtor’s liabilities exceed the debtor’s assets. Insolvency therefore is not a formal legal status, but a recognition of the debtor’s ability or inability to pay debts.

On the other hand, the terms “bankruptcy” and “receivership” describe a formal legal status of the debtor that is the result of the insolvency of the debtor. Bankruptcy is therefore a formal legal state of an insolvent debtor where there is an assignment of its assets to a trustee in bankruptcy by operation of the law, whether voluntarily or by court order. The purpose of that assignment is to then allow the trustee to liquidate the assets so that the creditors may hopefully be paid some amount in a fair and orderly manner.

Receivership is a formal legal state of an insolvent debtor where a receiver is appointed over the assets of the debtor. Receivership is created at the instance of a creditor, who usually holds security over those assets. Receivership can be granted voluntarily by the debtor or the creditor can seek a court appointment of a receiver.

We will work with you to advise you of the opportunities that exist and the advantages, as well as, disadvantages that may apply for an insolvent debtor to invoke bankruptcy protection as a temporary means of allowing the debtor to present a proposal to the creditors, as a means of preventing the bankruptcy of the debtor. We will guide you through the processes and the timelines required to navigate through this highly technical area of the law and generally provide you the opportunity to resolve your financial incapacity and relaunch yourself to financial viability.

We are licensed as Notaries and Commissioners for Oaths and our authority extends not only throughout all the provinces of Canada, but throughout the world.

A Notary Public is a person who is authorized by law to give official recognition to certain government or private transactions or documents, commission documents, certify documents as true copies and to verify signatures. As both legal professionals and public officers, Notaries can write and keep documents which are considered “authentic.” The content of an authentic document is difficult to attack. When the original of an authentic document is kept by the Notary, the document cannot be lost or changed. Furthermore, these documents can easily be tracked Some of the documents that are required by law to be notarized to authenticate its legal status include: a marriage contract or a contract of civil union and their modifications; a gift of immovable property (land or building); a gift of movable property (unless the property is given immediately to the person receiving the gift); the renunciation of certain kinds of trusts; a hypothecation on immovable property; administering or commissioning oaths; taking affidavits, affirmations, acknowledgments, or declarations; certifying documents as true copies; and assisting with certain immigration documents (including passport application, permanent residence card application, consent to travel documentation, etc.). All other documents which under normal circumstances would suffice if commissioned, but which would be used out of province or outside Canada, must be notarized as the authority of a Notary Public is recognized all over the world.

A Commissioner for Oaths is a person authorized by law to take oaths or declarations, as in when you sign an affidavit or make a statutory declaration. The Commissioner is not responsible for the content of the affidavit, rather it is the responsibility of the person whose signature is being commissioned (the “deponent”). The deponent must understand not only the details to which he or she will attest but also the fact that he or she is swearing an oath vouching that the details are correct. In order for the commissioning to take place, the deponent must bring proper identification to prove their identity and the affidavit must be signed in the presence of the Commissioner.